Si bien tiene una enorme trascendencia desamordazar la palabra de las víctimas del paramilitarismo para que puedan, en su propia voz, narrar su historia de dolor y sufrimiento, cierto es que en muchos casos, para que la sociedad pueda acceder a una verdad completa y desapasionada, hace falta escuchar también las voces de aquellas personas que, inocentes o culpables, han terminado reducidas a una prisión en un país doblemente extranjero.
Es bastante diciente que José María Barros Ipuana se haya negado reiteradamente a acogerse a la Ley 975 de 2005, más conocida como Ley de Justicia y Paz, pese a que de haberlo hecho probablemente no hubiera sido condenado en Colombia a cuarenta años de prisión y se hubiera postergado la decisión del Gobierno Nacional de extraditarlo a los Estados Unidos, país donde paradójicamente fue condenado por crímenes que a la luz de los derechos humanos y del derecho internacional de los derechos humanos tienen una menor significación que los presuntos o eventuales crímenes cometidos en Colombia.
José María Barros Ipuana no se acogió a la mencionada Ley de Justicia y Paz por la sencilla razón que, según sus propias palabras, nunca fue un paramilitar y tampoco estuvo vinculado orgánicamente a estructuras armadas de esa naturaleza y condición. “No puedo decir que soy lo que no soy ni nunca he sido”, fue lo que repitió muchas veces ante la justicia colombiana.
Teniendo en cuenta que durante largos años La Guajira se constituyó en una verdadera “zona de refugio” que propició el desarrollo de escenarios de ilegalidad --los cuales valga decir tenían una amplia legitimidad social-- puede decirse que las múltiples acciones desplegadas por José María Barros Ipuana acudiendo a las atávicas guerras intraétnicas para hacerse un “hombre fuerte Wayúu”, con un no despreciable poder local, se hicieron siguiendo la tradición trazada por guerreros Wayúu que lo antecedieron en el tiempo y que en las circunstancias específicas de cada época establecieron todo tipo de alianzas, como aquellas que acordaron con piratas y bucaneros ingleses, holandeses y franceses para hacerle frente a los españoles.
José María Barros Ipuana se equivocó --al igual que lo hicieron muchos otros hombres Wayúu y alijuna en La Guajira-- cuando pensó, no sin cierta ingenuidad, que podría buscar el apoyo de grupos ilegales provenientes de otros lados, allende su territorio para consolidarse como “hombre fuerte” en la Alta Guajira y después de logrado su objetivo, dejarlos de lado sin más. La historia demostró bien pronto que la situación tendría otro desenlace: Mario Cotes y Luis Ángel González Boscán, dos “hombres fuertes Wayúu”, el 10 de julio de 2002 y el 6 de marzo de 2003 respectivamente, cayeron asesinados por los paramilitares y, años después, el propio José María Barros Ipuana, como una suerte de chivo expiatorio sobre el que una institucionalidad permisiva y tolerante con estos grupos armados ilegales le endilgó varios crímenes que en realidad no cometió, terminó, por la edad que tiene actualmente, 53 años, prácticamente condenado a cadena perpetua.
Pasados casi cinco años de su captura, ocurrida en Maracaibo (Venezuela) el 10 de octubre de 2004, la versión que José María Barros Ipuana posee sobre los hechos que lo tienen pagando una larga condena, no ha sido conocida integralmente y en ese sentido sería saludable a los propósitos de conocer plenamente la cara y cruz de la verdad que se pudiera escuchar en su palabra.
De otro lado, difundir su versión de paso serviría también para contribuir a dejar atrás las estigmatizaciones que han caído sobre su familia extensa, la cual ha sido victimizada no sólo porque varios de sus parientes cercanos han caído asesinados en esta guerra sin nombre y sin rostro, sino porque ha venido siendo injustamente considerada en su conjunto como parte de una supuesta base social de los paramilitares de ayer y de hoy.
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